Iota carrageenan covid8/13/2023 ![]() Droplets and aerosols in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. ![]() SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract. Hou YJ, Okuda K, Edwards CE, Martinez DR, Asakura T, DinnonKH, et al. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. ![]() Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Sehgal K, Nair N, Mahajan S, Sehrawat TS, Bikdeli B, Ahluwalia N, Ausiello JC, Wan EY, Freedberg DE, Kirtane AJ, Parikh SA, Maurer MS, Nordvig AS, Accili D, Bathon JM, Mohan S, Bauer KA, Leon MB, Krumholz HM, Uriel N, Mehra MR, Elkind MV, Stone GW, Schwartz A, Ho DD, Bilezikian JP, Landry DW. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, Niu P, Zhan F, Ma X, Wang D, Xu W, Wu G, Gao GF, Tan W. TCID 50, tissue culture infectious dose 50. Values shown in B and C are means ± SEM derived from two (products C, D, E, and F) or three (products A and B, ι- and κ-carrageenan, and ι-carrageenan) independent experiments ( n = 2–3), each performed in technical triplicates. For determination of toxicity, cells were treated with indicated concentrations of compounds in the absence of virus, and cellular ATP was measured by the CellTiter-Glo assay 2.5 days later (black triangles). Infection rates were determined 2.5 days later by MTS assay (blue squares). B, C: TMPRSS2-expressing Vero E6 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of products A–F ( B) or carrageenans ( C) and infected with SARS-CoV-2. Black lines indicate detection limits that increase upon cytotoxicity of the respective compound that was observed by light microscopy. Values shown are means ± SD derived from three independent experiments ( n = 3), each performed in technical triplicates. The remaining infectious titer was determined by TCID 50 analysis on Vero E6 cells. A: SARS-CoV-2 was incubated for 30 min in 90% PBS or products A–F. Effect of nasal and oral sprays as well as carrageenans on SARS-CoV-2.
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